6 入爐燃料的質(zhì)量對機組可靠性的影響
白山電廠以煤矸石為主要燃料,摻燒煤泥和洗中煤,摻燒比例為48%、34%、18%,為目前國內(nèi)洗選煤矸石摻燒比例最高、機組容量最大的循環(huán)硫化床(CFB)鍋爐。由于入爐燃料發(fā)熱量低,所以灰分百分含量大。要輸入一定的熱量,就需要較多的燃料量,兩個方面會造成飛灰和低渣量大,飛灰和低渣量加大,會加劇對爐內(nèi)受熱面和耐火保溫材料的磨損;同時也會對低渣系統(tǒng)造成不正常的磨損,甚至損壞失效,引起降負荷,甚至被迫壓火處理。所以要克服循環(huán)流化床鍋爐可以燒沒有底限劣質(zhì)燃料的思想,保障入爐燃料在設(shè)計值周圍,這樣才能保障機組的可靠性,維持機組較長連續(xù)運行周期,特別在供熱期,尤為重要。筆者曾到外資企業(yè)的循環(huán)硫化床(CFB)鍋爐機組參觀學(xué)習(xí),他們的機組都是燃用的優(yōu)質(zhì)燃料,當然他們考慮的更多的不僅是劣質(zhì)燃料對機組可靠性的負面影響,還更考慮到劣質(zhì)燃料及燃燒后灰渣的運輸成本,在極限情況下,劣質(zhì)燃料產(chǎn)生的能量還不如運輸消耗的能量多。
7結(jié)語
只要維持入爐燃料不偏離設(shè)計值太多,加上有意識維持壓火時盡量多的蓄熱,利用改造的系統(tǒng),300MW機組單機供熱對400萬平米左右小城區(qū)供熱可靠性還是可以保障的。對于400萬平米左右小城區(qū)300MW以上等級煤粉爐機組單機供熱提高可靠性,同樣本系統(tǒng)的改造可以起到借鑒作用,當然,煤粉爐機組可靠性較高,但是供熱可靠性的保證是必須的。從媒體的報道上看,一旦機組供熱失效,社會會不計代價的進行補救,如買電熱器,甚至安裝燃氣燃油鍋爐,這些設(shè)備的利用小時數(shù)都會很小,會造成社會財富的極大浪費,所以機組供熱可靠性的改造投入即使利用小時數(shù)很小,也是經(jīng)濟的。況且供熱失效會影響人們的健康,甚至老年人的性命,這是不能用經(jīng)濟來衡量的。
參考文獻:
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2楊曉華 降負荷時防止鍋爐滅火的穩(wěn)燃措施[J]. 電力安全技術(shù) 2009 11(3):58-59
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Research on the technical measures of improving heat productive reliability in 330MW CFB boiler unit by using heat storage of boiler
YANG Xiao-hua
(HUANENG Jilin Power Generation Co.,Ltd., Changchun 130012, China)
Abstract: with the rising prices and generate electricity installed capacity growth, large area to be short of electric situation has changed completely, thermal power plant electricity generation tasks is no longer so badly, even some places appeared the installed capacity of electricity surplus. So power co-generation modification, is becoming increasing equipment utilization hours, energy saving and emission reduction and enhanced profitability is the main means of thermal power plant. The heating area of 4000000 square meters in the small town, small heating and power market market, small, need in heating period run. So for large capacity fossil power unit heating reliability problems is an inevitable problem.
Key words: CFB boiler unit; Single generator running to product heat ;reliability of heat production ; heat storage of boiler; energy saving and emission reduction
作者簡介:楊曉華(1972-),男,山東招遠人,大專,工程師。從事火電廠生產(chǎn)運行管理工作。